Analyses of associations with any gambling problems (PGSI ≥1) and patient-level sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (n = 1058)
| n | % | χ2 | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Sex | Male | 29 | 8.4 | 10.0 | 0.002 |
| Female | 22 | 3.5 | |||
| Age, years | 18–24 | 22 | 10.4 | 18.2 | 0.001 |
| 23–44 | 8 | 5.2 | |||
| 35–44 | 4 | 2.9 | |||
| 45–64 | 13 | 4.6 | |||
| ≥65 | 5 | 2.1 | |||
| Relationship status | Single, never married | 29 | 8.5 | 11.9 | 0.003 |
| Married/cohabitating | 20 | 3.8 | |||
| DSW/other | 4 | 2.6 | |||
| Education | Secondary school or less | 9 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 0.272 |
| Post-secondary school | 37 | 5.9 | |||
| Postgraduate/other | 6 | 5.8 | |||
| Employment | Employed | 21 | 5.3 | 7.7 | 0.052 |
| Unemployed | 11 | 8.7 | |||
| Student | 11 | 6.6 | |||
| Retired/other | 9 | 2.8 | |||
| Ethnic group | White | 45 | 5.1 | 0.0 | 0.969 |
| Non-white | 7 | 5.6 | |||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Depression | Whooley (≥1) | 38 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 0.024 |
| Whooley (0) | 15 | 3.4 | |||
| Anxiety | GAD-2 (≥3) | 19 | 7.3 | 2.3 | 0.127 |
| GAD-2 (<3) | 32 | 4.5 | |||
| Alcohol | AUDIT-C (≥5) | 30 | 9.8 | 12.9 | 0.000 |
| AUDIT-C (<5) | 24 | 3.7 | |||
| Drug use | SISQ Yes | 22 | 15.7 | 32.8 | 0.000 |
| SISQ No | 30 | 3.6 | |||
Positive endorsement of either item from the Whooley depression scale was used to indicate possible depression. Scores of ≥3 on the GAD-2 were used to indicate potential anxiety. Scores of 5esp on the AUDIT-C were used to indicate high risk (including hazardous and harmful) drinking. DSW = Divorced/separated/widowed. PGSI = Problem Gambling Severity Index. AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. SISQ = Single-Item Screening Question for Unhealthy Drug Use.