Prevalence and odds ratios for individual physical conditions, by COPD status
| COPD, n (%) | No COPD, n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI)a | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 51 928 | 1 220 757 | – | |
| Bronchiectasis | 988 (1.9) | 1782 (0.1) | 9.14 (8.38 to 9.47) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 11 130 (21.4) | 65 106 (5.3) | 5.07 (4.96 to 5.18) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 3344 (6.4) | 15 526 (1.3) | 2.35 (2.23 to 2.47) | <0.001 |
| Viral hepatitis | 42 (0.1) | 1096 (0.1) | 2.34 (1.92 to 2.86) | <0.001 |
| Chronic sinusitis | 721 (1.4) | 8217 (0.7) | 2.28 (2.13 to 2.45) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3494 (6.7) | 19 437 (1.6) | 2.23 (2.13 to 2.34) | <0.001 |
| Cirrhosis/chronic liver disease/alcoholic liver disease | 307 (0.6) | 2305 (0.2) | 2.15 (1.87 to 2.48) | <0.001 |
| Psoriasis or eczema | 831 (1.6) | 8836 (0.7) | 2.03 (1.88 to 2.18) | <0.001 |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 3316 (6.4) | 47 141 (3.9) | 2.01 (1.94 to 2.08) | <0.001 |
| Painful condition | 12 697 (24.5) | 112 370 (9.2) | 1.99 (1.94 to 2.04) | <0.001 |
| Inflammatory arthritis and related conditions including gout | 5821 (11.2) | 51 461 (4.2) | 1.86 (1.80 to 1.92) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 10 811 (20.8) | 70 645 (5.8) | 1.78 (1.72 to 1.83) | <0.001 |
| Dyspepsia | 7112 (13.7) | 71 481 (5.9) | 1.78 (1.73 to 1.83) | <0.001 |
| Constipation | 4358 (8.4) | 31 737 (2.6) | 1.66 (1.59 to 1.73) | <0.001 |
| Diverticular disease | 4273 (8.2) | 29 527 (2.4) | 1.63 (1.56 to 1.71) | <0.001 |
| Hearing loss | 4868 (9.4) | 47 104 (3.9) | 1.61 (1.55 to 1.67) | <0.001 |
| Migraine | 499 (1.0) | 8508 (0.7) | 1.57 (1.44 to 1.71) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3065 (5.9) | 20 894 (1.7) | 1.53 (1.45 to 1.62) | <0.001 |
| Stroke or transient ischaemic attack | 4307 (8.3) | 32 167 (2.6) | 1.50 (1.43 to 1.57) | <0.001 |
| Epilepsy | 663 (1.3) | 10 886 (0.9) | 1.48 (1.37 to 1.62) | <0.001 |
| Visual impairment | 884 (1.7) | 7164 (0.6) | 1.48 (1.34 to 1.62) | <0.001 |
| Prostate disease | 1736 (3.3) | 13 484 (1.1) | 1.45 (1.35 to 1.55) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 6315 (12.2) | 67 410 (5.5) | 1.41 (1.37 to 1.46) | <0.001 |
| Thyrotoxicosis/thyroid disorders including hypothyroidism | 5185 (10.0) | 65 999 (5.4) | 1.34 (1.30 to 1.39) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3842 (7.4) | 29 694 (2.4) | 1.33 (1.27 to 1.40) | <0.001 |
| Any new cancer in the last 5 years | 3731 (7.2) | 39 275 (3.2) | 1.29 (1.23 to 1.35) | <0.001 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 596 (1.1) | 8812 (0.7) | 1.28 (1.17 to 1.40) | <0.001 |
| Glaucoma | 1498 (2.9) | 14 387 (1.2) | 1.20 (1.11 to 1.29) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 18 346 (35.3) | 215 741 (17.7) | 1.17 (1.14 to 1.20) | <0.001 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 120 (0.2) | 3706 (0.3) | 1.03 (0.88 to 1.21) | 0.62 |
| Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonism | 232 (0.4) | 2507 (0.2) | 0.93 (0.77 to 1.13) | 0.50 |
↵a Standardised by age, sex, and deprivation score. All differences between the COPD and no-COPD groups are significant at P<0.001. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.