Dosing according to drug class of patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (n = 646)
| Medication | Patients on drug group, n (%) | Patients on drug class, n (%) | Patients adequately dosed per class as per WHO-DDD, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diuretics | 614 (95) | ||
| Thiazides | 424 (65) | 181 (43) | |
| Loop | 235 (36) | 150 (64) | |
| Potassium sparing | 50 (8) | 1 (2) | |
| Mineralocorticoid antagonists | 48 (7) | 5 (10) | |
| Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) | 614 (95) | ||
| ACE-inhibitors | 286 (44) | 267 (93) | |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 320 (49) | 305 (95) | |
| Direct renin inhibitors | 5 (1) | 5 (100) | |
| HR reducers | 440 (68) | ||
| Beta-blockers | 412 (63) | 130 (31) | |
| Calcium channel blockers — non dihydropyridines | 41 (5) | 11 (27) | |
| CCB-DHP | 440 (68) | ||
| Calcium channel blockers — dihydropyridines | 429 (68) | 424 (99) | |
| Vasodilators | 129 (20) | ||
| Alpha-blockers | 127 (19) | 124 (98) | |
| Other vasodilators | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Centrally acting | 2 (<1) | ||
| Centrally acting drugs | 2 (1) | 0 (0) |
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme. CCB-DHP = calcium channel blockers — non-dihydropyridines. HR = heart rate. WHO-DDD = World Health Organization-defined daily dosing.