Table 2.

Associations between coverage and area-level or individual-level characteristics from multivariable adjusted studies

Author, year	Description of analysis	Age, years	Sex	Ethnicity	Deprivation	Smoker	Family history of	Other
Artac, 2013²²	Multivariable linear regression comparing PCT-level characteristics	Highest proportion of PCT population in 40–74 age range compared with lowest Coefficient −0.03 (−0.87 to 0.36) P = 0.668	Not reported	Highest proportion of PCT population of minority ethnicity compared with lowest Coefficient 0.08 (−0.17 to 0.95) P = 0.424	Least deprived tertile compared to most deprived: Coefficient −0.51 (−1.88 to 0.0) P= 0.035^a	–	–	Population size, QOF points, patient experience, FTE GPs, estimated proportion at high risk, and estimated CVD prevalence: NS
Chang, 2015¹⁸	Multilevel logistic regression of individual-level patient characteristics	Compared with 40–49 years: Aged 50–59: 1.60 (1.54 to 1.67)^a Aged 60–69: 2.47 (2.36 to 2.58)^a Aged 70–74: 2.88 (2.49 to 3.31)^a	Female: 1.01 (0.98 to 1.05)	Compared with white: Black African: 0.75 (0.61 to 0.92)^a Chinese: 0.68 (0.47 to 0.96)^a Other white: 0.35 (0.33 to 0.37)^a Other black: 0.58 (0.46 to 0.74)^a Not recorded: 0.18 (0.17 to 0.19)^a Prefer not to state: 0.47 (0.41 to 0.53)^a Irish: NS Indian: NS Pakistani/Bangladeshi: NS Other Asian: NS Caribbean: NS	Most deprived quintile compared with least deprived: 0.91 (0.63 to 1.31)	–	Positive family history compared with no family history: 2.37 (2.22 to 2.53)^a	–
Artac, 2013²³	Multilevel logistic regression of individual-level patient characteristics using data on 27 (of 31) PCTs in London	Compared with 40–54 years: Aged 55–64 Y1: 1.34 (1.11 to 1.61)^a Y2: 1.79 (1.67 to 1.93)^a Aged 65–74 Y1: 2.05 (1.67 to 2.52)^a Y2: 2.79 (2.49 to 3.12)^a	Female: Y1: 0.80 (0.67 to 0.94)^a Y2: 1.27 (1.20 to 1.35)^a	Compared with white: Black Y1: 1.05 (0.78 to 1.41) Y2: 1.58 (1.43 to 1.75)^a South Asian Y1: 1.27 (0.88 to 1.87)^a Y2: 1.50 (1.25 to 1.78)^a Not recorded: Y1: 0.11 (0.07 to 0.17)^a Y2: 0.08 (0.07 to 0.10)^a	Least deprived tertile compared with most deprived: Y1: 0.84 (0.69 to 1.01) Y2: 0.80 (0.73 to 0.87)^a	Current smokers compared with non-smokers: Y1: 0.71 (0.61 to 0.83)^a Y2: 0.83 (0.77 to 0.90)^a	Positive family history compared with no family history: Y1: 2.49 (2.15 to 2.90)^a Y2: 2.01 (1.87 to 2.16)^a	Presence of non-CVD comorbidities: Y1: 1.53 (1.13 to 1.80)^a Y2: 1.75 (1.64 to 1.87)^a Practice list size: >10 000 compared with <6000 Y1: 1.16 (0.51 to 2.65) Y2: 6.05 (0.85 to 43.4)^a

↵a P<0.05.
Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) unless stated otherwise. CHD = coronary heart disease. CVD = cardiovascular disease. FTE = full-time equivalent. NS = not significant. PCT = primary care trust. QOF = Quality and Outcomes Framework. Y = year. Seven additional before-and-after studies on the impact of the NHS health check that did not have a comparison group are not reported in this table.