Feature | Cases, n (%) n = 1398 | Controls, n (%) n= 4956 | Likelihood ratioa(95% CI) | Odds ratio in multivariable analysisb (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | ||||
Testicular swelling | 354 (25) | 10(0.2) | 126 (67 to 235) | 280 (110 to 690) |
Testicular lump | 282 (20) | 7 (0.1) | 143 (68 to 302) | 270 (100 to 740) |
Testicular pain | 186 (13) | 32 (0.6) | 21 (14 to 30) | 38 (22 to 68) |
Abdominal pain | 67 (5) | 124 (3.0) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.6) | 2.5 (1.5 to 4.0) |
Scrotal swelling | 49 (4) | 3 (0.1) | 58 (18 to 185) | 170 (35 to 800) |
Groin pain | 37 (3) | 34 (0.7) | 3.9 (2.4 to 6.1) | 6.8 (3.3 to 14.0) |
Diagnosesc | ||||
Orchitis/epididymis | 153 (11) | 37 (0.7) | 15 (10 to 21) | 13 (7.8 to 23.0) |
Hydrocele | 28 (2) | 3 (0.1) | 33 (10 to 109) | 28 (7.7 to 100) |
Investigations | ||||
Raised inflammatory markers | 51 (4.0) | 78 (2.0) | 2.3 (1.6 to 3.3) | 4.3 (2.5 to 7.5) |
Interactions | ||||
Testicular pain with testicular swelling | 0.008 (0.001 to 0.08)d |
↵a The univariate likelihood ratio, showing the likelihood of having a specific symptom in a patient with testicular cancer, compared with the likelihood of having it in a patient without cancer.
↵b In multivariate conditional logistic regression, containing all nine variables.
↵c These are initial diagnoses, potentially misclassified. All features: P<0.001.
↵d P<0.001.