Table 3.

Mean costs (for the previous 6 months, £ sterling, 2011/2012 prices), SF-12-based utility scores and QALY gains at baseline and/or 18 months

Costs at baseline	D6		Standard care				UMD^a	95% CI	AMD^b	95% CI^a

	Valid, n	Mean, £	SD	Valid, n	Mean, £	SD
Health and social care costs	157	847	847	161	976	760	−129	−301 to 44	−96	−293 to 101

Costs at 18 months
Health and social care costs, excluding intervention, without discounting	133	707	579	137	793	558	−85	−252 to 81	−71	−242 to 100
Health and social costs, excluding intervention, with discounting	133	684	560	137	766	540	−82	−243 to 78	−69	−234 to96
Intervention costs	121	451	99	139	167	100	285	240 to 329	276	225 to 327
Health and social care costs, including intervention costs, with discounting for non-intervention costs	92	1184	572	107	1025	573	159	−39 to 357	150	−34 to 333

SF-12-based utility scores at baseline
Utility	157	0.75	0.16	159	0.74	0.16	0.01	−0.03 to 0.04	0.01	−0.03 to 0.05

SF-12-based utility scores and QALY gains at 18 months
Utility	60	0.79	0.13	53	0.75	0.13	0.04	−0.01 to 0.08	0.01	−0.03 to 0.06
QALY gain since baseline, without discounting	58	1.15	0.20	48	1.11	0.18	0.03	−0.04 to 0.10	0.01	0.03 to 0.05
QALY gain since baseline, with discounting and interpolation to match 6-month period for cost data	58	0.37	0.06	48	0.36	0.06	0.01	−0.01 to 0.03	0.00	−0.01 to 0.02

↵a Intervention minus control. Comparisons include clustering for nurse.
↵b Intervention minus control. Cost comparisons account for clustering for nurse plus covariates for baseline cost, age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, and baseline utility. QALY comparisons account for clustering for nurse plus covariates for age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, and baseline utility. SF-12 = Short Form-12. QALY = quality-adjusted life year. D6 = Diabetes-6. AMD = adjusted mean difference. CI = confidence interval. SD = standard deviation. UMD = unadjusted mean difference.