Table 1.

Papers included in the review

Author, yearCountry study conductedStudy designTest(s) accessed directlyNumber patients included (total, n)DA group, nComparator group, n
Adang, 199423NetherlandsCross-sectionalGastroscopy290012051695
Aljebreen, 201324Saudi ArabiaCross-sectionalGastroscopy508147361
Apthorp, 199871UKCross-sectionalMRI159159–
Arumugam, 200050UKNon-randomised trialFlexible sigmoidoscopy or barium enema262262–
Balaguer, 200551SpainCross-sectionalColonoscopy350108242
Barton, 198783UKCross-sectionalRadiology530530–
Basnyat, 200252UKCross-sectionalFlexible sigmoidoscopy706706–
Boulton-Jones, 200325UKCross-sectionalGastroscopy10001000–
Broe, 201326IrelandCross-sectionalGastroscopy42624262–
Bytzer, 199627DenmarkCohortGastroscopy12331026207
Connor, 199868UKCohortUltrasound8282–
Curtin, 199278UKCohortMammography361361–
de Vries, 201182NetherlandsCohortTransvaginal ultrasound8989–
Donald, 198553UKCohortProctoscopy and sigmoidoscopy14581458–
Dougall, 200054UKCross-sectionalColonoscopy8484–
Froehlich, 199728SwitzerlandCross-sectionalGastroscopy611472139
Gear, 198029UKCross-sectionalGastroscopy346346–
Gear, 198930UKCross-sectionalGastroscopy87818781–
Gimeno Garcia, 201255SpainCross-sectionalColonoscopy1004230774
Gough-Palmer, 200972UKCohortMRINot statedNot stated–
Goy, 198631AustraliaCross-sectionalGastroscopy827014096861
Guldbrandt, 201465DenmarkCohortCT648648–
Heaney, 199832UKCross-sectionalGastroscopy18721872–
Hitchins, 201456UKCross-sectionalColonoscopy174174–
Holdstock, 197933UKCross-sectionalGastroscopy18051077728
Hughes-Anderson, 200276AustraliaCohortGastroscopy, colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy772583189
Hungin, 198734UKCross-sectionalGastroscopy9494–
Ingeman, 201569DenmarkCross-sectionalUltrasound701420281
Johnston, 199935UKCohortGastroscopy739384355
Jones, 198636UKCross-sectionalGastroscopy423423–
Kapoor, 200537UKCohortGastroscopy36373637–
Kerrigan, 199038UKCross-sectionalGastroscopy15451091454
Kolk, 200239EstoniaCross-sectionalGastroscopy168168–
Lim, 199974UKCohortX-ray603603–
Macintyre, 198840UKCross-sectionalGastroscopy382382–
MacKenzie, 200357UKRandomised clinical trialFlexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy1117565552
Mahajan, 199677USCohortGastroscopy and colonoscopy310168142
Mansi, 199341ItalyCohortGastroscopy22531392861
Morini, 200158ItalyCross-sectionalColonoscopy1123415708
O’Neill, 199842IrelandCohortGastroscopy891891–
Oren, 199743IsraelCross-sectionalGastroscopy813366447
Pullens, 201459NetherlandsCross-sectionalFlexible sigmoidoscopy916916–
Rainis, 200760IsraelCross-sectionalColonoscopy10 86610 866–
Salih, 199979UKCohortMammography and ultrasound16981049649
Salo, 200844FinlandCross-sectionalGastroscopy10 06110 061–
Shah, 201245IndiaCross-sectionalGastroscopy10001000–
Shakil, 199561UKCohortFlexible sigmoidoscopy1090544546
Simpson, 201066UKCross-sectionalCT44044404–
Skillern, 199370UKCross-sectionalUltrasound472472–
Smith, 197975UKCross-sectionalX-ray24092409–
Suvakovic, 199746UKCohortGastroscopy6633Not statedNot stated
Tate, 198862UKCohortColonoscopy230130100
Taylor, 201273UKCohortMRI200100100
Thomas, 201067UKCohortCT215215–
Tiwari, 199747Saudi ArabiaCohortGastroscopy26601873787
van Kerkhoven, 200748NetherlandsCross-sectionalGastroscopy12981298–
Vellacott, 198763UKCohortFlexible sigmoidoscopy630630–
Verma, 200164UKCohortFlexible sigmoidoscopy255139116
White, 200280,81UKCross-sectionalMRI and CT366366–
Wong, 200049Hong KongCohortGastroscopy978978–

  • CT = computed tomography. DA = direct access. MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.