Table 2.

Association between children’s antibiotic prescription strategies and hospitalisation in the 30 days following the baseline consultation

	Not hospitalised		Hospitalised		Univariable analysis clustering by clinician			Multivariable analysis accounting for covariates where P<0.05 and clustering by clinician			Analysis stratified by propensity score and accounting for clustering by clinician
	n	%	n	%	RR	95% CI	P-value^a	RR	95% CI	P-value^a	RR	95% CI	P-value^a
No antibiotic	5196/8255	62.9	40/65	61.5	Ref	Ref	0.53 (2 df)	Ref	Ref	0.31 (2 df)^b	Ref	Ref	0.44 (2 df)
Immediate	2292/8255	27.8	21/65	32.3	1.19	0. 70 to 1.88		0.81	0.40 to 1.32		0.83	0.47 to 1.45
Delayed	767/8255	9.3	4/65	6.2	0.68	0.24 to 1.88		0.62	0.22 to 1.66		0.70	0.26 to 1.90

↵a Overall P-value.
↵b Covariates included (<0.05): age<(2 years), current asthma, short<(3 days) illness duration prior to baseline, moderate/severe vomiting in the 24 hours before baseline, clinician-reported wheeze, high temperature (age-related cut-offs). df = degrees of freedom. Ref = reference. RR = risk ratio.