Descriptive characteristics of ambulatory and acute inpatient cohorts included in analysis with differences tested using Kruskal–Wallis (means) or Pearson χ2 (percentages)a
| Characteristic for difference | Ambulatory cohort | Inpatient cohort | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Leicester and Nottingham | Southampton | – |
| Recruitment date range | 21 Jan 2009–26 Nov 2010 | 29 Nov 2009–19 Jan 2012 | – |
| N | 674 | 246 | – |
| Female, % | 57.4 | 100.0 | <0.001 |
| Age, years (SD) | 80.2 (6.7) | 85.9 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Index admission length of stay, days (SD) | 1.0 (0.7) | 20.5 (18.0) | <0.001 |
| Hospital admissions,b n (SD) | 3.5 (4.1) | 4.1 (7.0) | 0.040 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3,b % | 31.9 | 43.1 | 0.002 |
| Frailty scale by measure (sample size),c % | |||
| Fried (n = 494) | 23.7 | 80.0 (140) | – |
| Rothman (n = 503) | 23.2 | 48.4 (192) | – |
| Rockwood (n = 489) | 30.5 | – | – |
| HFRS (n = 674) | 40.2 | 67.1 (246) | – |
↵a Figures are % for binary variables and means with standard deviation for continuous variables.
↵b Based on past 2 years and including present admission.
↵c Sample sizes vary as not all individuals had the data items needed to calculate the relevant frailty measure. HFRS = Hospital Frailty Risk Score. SD = standard deviation.