Pharmacological characteristics of antihypertensive therapy in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension who gave a urine sample for mass spectrometry urine analysis (N = 235)
| Pharmacological characteristicsa | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Mean number of BP medications per patient (SD) | 3.7 (0.7) |
| Combination medications | 153 (65.1) |
| Three medications only | 103 (43.8) |
| ACE inhibitors | 100 (42.6) |
| Angiotensin blockers | 125 (53.2) |
| Beta-blockers | 146 (62.1) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 176 (74.9) |
| Diuretics | 225 (95.7) |
| Alpha-blockers | 40 (17.0) |
| Other vasodilators, direct renin inhibitors, % | 1 (<1) |
↵a Number of participants and percentage, unless specified. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme. BP = blood pressure. SD = standard deviation.