Table 1.

Baseline characteristics, medications, and presenting issues^a

Characteristics	Enrolled service users

	*n/N*	%^b
Female sex	22/34	64.7

Age, years, mean (SD)	51	10

White ethnicity	31/31	100.0

Employment status^c
Employed	6/31	19.4
Unemployed	23/31	74.2
Retired	2/31	6.5

Relationship status^c
Single	6/31	19.4
Married	19/31	61.3
Separated	3/31	9.7
Divorced	1/31	3.2
Other	2/31	6.5

Disability	20/27	74.1

Previous pain clinic use^c	22/31	71.0

Baseline medications, excluding opioids
Benzodiazepines	12/34	35.3
Amitriptyline	12/34	35.3
SSRI antidepressants	8/34	23.5
Gabapentin	7/34	20.6
Other antidepressants	6/34	17.6
Pregabalin	4/34	11.8
SNRI antidepressants	1/34	2.9
Zopiclone	1/34	2.9

Psychological comorbidities^c
Sleep issues	17/30	56.7
Depression	13/29^d	44.8
Anxiety/panic attacks	9/29^e	31.0
Experience of child abuse	9/30	30.0
Social isolation	7/29	24.1
Experience of domestic abuse	5/29	17.2
Substance misuse	3/29^f	10.3
Low mood	3/29	10.3
Alcohol misuse	2/29^f	6.9
Other mental health issues	2/29^f	6.9
Eating disorder	1/29	3.4
Post-traumatic stress disorder	1/29	3.4
Self-harm	1/29	3.4
Negative self-talk/thoughts	1/29	3.4

↵a All details are self-reported except baseline medications.
↵b Unless otherwise stated.
↵c Denominators reflect the total number of service users for whom these data were collected. Therefore, denominators of less than 34 indicate missing data.
↵d Twelve diagnosed.
↵e Six diagnosed.
↵f All diagnosed. SNRI = serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.