Patient demographics stratified by screening data
| Characteristics | Full cohort (N= 861) | Existing CKD (N= 327) | Newly diagnosed CKD (N= 257) | Borderline/transient decreased renal function (N= 277) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CKD prevalence, % (95% CI) | 18.2 (16.9 to 19.6) | 10.2 (9.2 to 11.3) | 8.0 (7.1 to 9.0) | — |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 74.0 (6.9) | 75.4 (7.0) | 73.4 (6.5) | 72.7 (6.7) |
| Female, n (%) | 468 (54.4) | 183 (56.0) | 124 (48.2) | 161 (58.1) |
| Mean weight, kg (SD) | 78.0 (17.1) | 77.3 (16.1) | 80.2 (18.0) | 76.8 (17.4) |
| Mean height, cm (SD) | 167.0 (10.5) | 167.0 (10.2) | 167.8 (10.0) | 166.1 (11.2) |
| Mean waist circumference, cm (SD) | 97.0 (14.6) | 97.0 (13.4) | 99.0 (15.2) | 95.0 (15.1) |
| Mean hip circumference, cm (SD) | 106.4 (10.7) | 106.9 (10.3) | 107.0 (11.3) | 105.4 (10.4) |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 28.1 (7.3) | 27.6 (5.1) | 28.5 (6.4) | 28.2 (9.9) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White | 846 (98.3)a | 323 (98.8) | 253 (98.4) | 271 (97.8) |
| Other | 14 (1.6) | 4 (1.2) | 4 (1.6) | 6 (2.2) |
| Educational status, n (%) | ||||
| School up to 16 years | 483 (56.1) | 183 (56.0) | 150 (58.4) | 150 (54.2) |
| Sixth form school or college | 174 (20.2) | 57 (17.4) | 55 (21.4) | 62 (22.4) |
| University or higher | 204 (23.7) | 87 (26.6) | 52 (20.2) | 65 (23.5) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Never | 466 (54.1) | 171 (52.3) | 137 (53.3) | 158 (57.0) |
| Former | 357 (41.5) | 142 (43.4) | 111 (43.2) | 104 (37.5) |
| Current | 38 (4.4) | 14 (4.3) | 9 (3.5) | 15 (5.4) |
| Alcohol use, units/week | ||||
| None, n (%) | 252 (29.3) | 85 (26.0) | 88 (34.2) | 79 (28.5) |
| One or more, n (%) | 609 (70.7) | 242 (74.0) | 169 (65.8) | 198 (71.5) |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (0 to 8) | 2 (0 to 7) | 2 (0 to 9) | 3 (0 to 10) |
| Mean (SD) | 5.9 (8.7) | 5.3 (8.0) | 6.1 (9.1) | 6.4 (9.0) |
| Major comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 511 (59.3) | 213 (65.1) | 160 (62.3) | 138 (49.8) |
| Diabetes | 133 (15.4) | 71 (21.7) | 38 (14.8) | 24 (8.7) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 145 (16.8) | 62 (19.0) | 50 (19.5) | 33 (11.9) |
| Heart failure | 39 (4.5) | 19 (5.8) | 13 (5.1) | 7 (2.5) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 110 (12.8) | 50 (15.3) | 34 (13.2) | 26 (9.4) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 73 (8.5) | 36 (11.0) | 23 (8.9) | 14 (5.1) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 29 (3.4) | 9 (2.8) | 9 (3.5) | 11 (4.0) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 132 (120 to 144) | 130 (119 to 142) | 135 (123 to 145) | 131 (121 to 145) |
| Mean (SD) | 133 (18) | 131 (17) | 135 (19) | 132 (18) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 78 (71 to 84) | 77 (70 to 82) | 79 (72 to 85) | 78 (71 to 84) |
| Mean (SD) | 78 (10) | 77 (9.9) | 79 (11) | 78 (10) |
| Blood and urine test results | ||||
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | ||||
| >60, n (%) | 396 (46.0) | 84 (25.7) | 135 (52.5) | 177 (63.9) |
| ≤60, n (%) | 465 (54.0) | 243 (74.3) | 122 (47.5) | 100 (36.1) |
| Median (IQR) | 59 (46 to 69) | 50 (35 to 61) | 61 (48 to 76) | 63 (57 to 74) |
| Mean (SD) | 58.0 (18.4) | 48.9 (17.1) | 61.4 (18.7) | 65.7 (14.6) |
| ACR, mg/mmol, N (%) | 774 (89.9) | 288 (88.1) | 239 (93.0) | 247 (89.2) |
| <3.0, n (%) | 489 (63.2) | 194 (67.4) | 116 (48.5) | 214 (86.6) |
| ≥3.0, n (%) | 285 (36.8) | 94 (32.6) | 123 (51.5) | 148 (59.9) |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (0.9 to 4.8) | 1.6 (0.6 to 4.2) | 3.1 (1.3 to 7.5) | 1.6 (0.9 to 3.4) |
| Mean (SD) | 5.2 (11.4) | 5.1 (12.3) | 7.8 (14.6) | 2.8 (3.6) |
| Questionnaires, n completed (%) | ||||
| Quality of life | 859 (99.8) | 327 (100.0) | 256 (99.6) | 276 (99.6) |
| Diet | 310 (36.0) | 148 (45.3) | 79 (30.7) | 83 (30.0) |
| Physical activity | 736 (85.5) | 318 (97.2) | 205 (79.8) | 213 (76.9) |
| Cognitive assessment | 625 (72.6) | 249 (76.1) | 182 (70.8) | 194 (70.0) |
↵a Data missing for one patient. ACR = albumin:creatinine ratio. BMI = body mass index. CI = confidence interval. CKD = chronic kidney disease. eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate. IQR = interquartile range. SD = standard deviation.