Characteristics of those with and without GP-suspected COVID-19 codes from 10 February to 30 April 2020 (N = 1 257 137 patients aged ≥18 years from 157 practices)
| Variable | GP-suspected COVID-19, n (%) | Without suspected COVID-19, n (%) | Univariate OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 8985 | 1 248 152 | — |
| CCG | |||
| Tower Hamlets | 2558 (28.5) | 292 653 (23.4) | — |
| Newham | 2732 (30.4) | 377 171 (30.2) | — |
| City & Hackney | 2674 (29.8) | 351 060 (28.1) | — |
| Waltham Forest | 1021 (11.4) | 227 268 (18.2) | — |
| Age, years | |||
| 18–49 | 5134 (57.1) | 926 886 (74.3) | ref |
| 50–69 | 2723 (30.3) | 235 616 (18.9) | 2.18 (2.08 to 2.29) |
| ≥70 | 1128 (12.6) | 85 650 (6.9) | 2.45(2.29 to 2.62) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 3982 (44.3) | 632 082 (50.6) | ref |
| Female | 5003 (55.7) | 616 070 (49.4) | 1.28 (1.22 to 1.33) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 2890 (32.2) | 476 302 (38.2) | ref |
| South Asian | 2859 (31.8) | 259 464 (20.8) | 1.98 (1.86 to 2.09) |
| Black | 1642 (18.3) | 153 240 (12.3) | 1.88 (1.77 to 2.00) |
| Other | 594 (6.6) | 78 454 (6.3) | 1.24 (1.13 to 1.35) |
| Not stated/missing | 1000 (11.1) | 280 692 (22.5) | 0.64 (0.60 to 0.69) |
| National IMD 2015 quintiles | |||
| 1 least deprived | 30 (0.3) | 8964 (0.7) | ref |
| 2 | 96 (1.1) | 24 029 (1.9) | 1.35 (0.88 to 2.06) |
| 3 | 485 (5.4) | 99 395 (8.0) | 1.22 (0.83 to 1.79) |
| 4 | 3557 (39.6) | 541 773 (43.4) | 1.53 (1.05 to 2.23) |
| 5 most deprived | 4807 (53.5) | 560 245 (44.9) | 1.88 (1.29 to 2.74) |
| Missing | 10 (0.1) | 13 746 (1.1) | 0.21 (0.10 to 0.43) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| Normal weight (18.5 to <25) | 2528 (28.1) | 431 279 (34.6) | ref |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 200 (2.2) | 39 067 (3.1) | 0.85 (0.73 to 1.00) |
| Overweight (25 to <30) | 2770 (30.8) | 299 136 (24.0) | 1.60 (1.52 to 1.69) |
| Obese (30 to <40) | 2451 (27.3) | 169 982 (13.6) | 2.49 (2.35 to 2.63) |
| Morbidly obese (≥40) | 483 (5.4) | 23 717 (1.9) | 3.48 (3.15 to 3.84) |
| Out of range/Unknown | 553 (6.2) | 284 971 (22.8) | 0.33 (0.30 to 0.36) |
| QOF long-term conditions | |||
| 0 | 3740 (41.6) | 881 460 (70.6) | ref |
| 1 | 2461 (27.4) | 226 961 (18.2) | 2.41 (2.29 to 2.54) |
| 2 | 1350 (15.0) | 81 093 (6.5) | 3.75 (3.52 to 3.99) |
| 3 | 690 (7.7) | 33 497 (2.7) | 4.60 (4.25 to 5.02) |
| ≥4 | 744 (8.3) | 25 141 (2.0) | 6.50 (6.00 to 7.05) |
| Current smoker | 1047 (11.7) | 217 396 (17.4) | 0.60 (0.56 to 0.63) |
| Asthma | 1512 (16.8) | 111 641 (8.9) | 1.92 (1.81 to 2.03) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 248 (2.8) | 10 299 (0.8) | 3.16 (2.78 to 3.59) |
| Cancer | 429 (4.8) | 22 989 (1.8) | 2.50 (2.26 to 2.75) |
| Coronary heart disease | 504 (5.6) | 23 114 (1.9) | 2.98 (2.72 to 3.26) |
| Chronic kidney disease (stages 3–5) | 716 (8.0) | 32 203 (2.6) | 3.11 (2.88 to 3.37) |
| COPD | 331 (3.7) | 14 467 (1.2) | 2.92 (2.61 to 3.26) |
| Dementia | 258 (2.9) | 4442 (0.4) | 7.37 (6.48 to 8.39) |
| Depression | 1811 (20.2) | 121 290 (9.7) | 2.15 (2.04 to 2.27) |
| Diabetes | 1696 (18.9) | 79 445 (6.4) | 3.31 (3.13 to 3.49) |
| Epilepsy | 157 (1.7) | 10 321 (0.8) | 2.00 (1.70 to 2.34) |
| Heart failure | 234 (2.6) | 8 039 (0.6) | 3.75 (3.28 to 4.28) |
| Hypertension | 2290 (25.5) | 131 318 (10.5) | 2.85 (2.71 to 2.99) |
| Learning disability | 70 (0.8) | 4660 (0.4) | 1.89 (1.49 to 2.40) |
| Severe mental illness | 250 (2.8) | 17 322 (1.4) | 1.88 (1.65 to 2.13) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 87 (1.0) | 3608 (0.3) | 3.00 (2.41 to 3.71) |
| Stroke and TIA | 284 (3.2) | 11 514 (0.9) | 3.24 (2.87 to 3.65) |
BMI = body mass index. CCG = clinical commissioning group. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. QOF = Quality and Outcomes Framework. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. OR = odds ratio. TIA = transient ischaemic attack.