HR (95% CI) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude | P-value | Adjusteda | P-value | |
Primary outcomeb | ||||
Polypharmacy versus Controls | 1.40 (0.88 to 2.23) | 0.16 | 1.05 (0.65 to 1.68) | 0.85 |
Hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 2.00 (1.26 to 3.16) | 0.003 | 1.29 (0.80 to 2.07) | 0.30 |
Super hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 2.65 (1.66 to 4.23) | <0.001 | 1.37 (0.83 to 2.25) | 0.22 |
Cardiovascular death | ||||
Polypharmacy versus Controls | 0.90 (0.51 to 1.60) | 0.73 | 0.70 (0.39 to 1.25) | 0.23 |
Hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 0.94 (0.53 to 1.66) | 0.83 | 0.64 (0.35 to 1.18) | 0.15 |
Super hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 1.08 (0.60 to 1.96) | 0.80 | 0.66 (0.34 to 1.26) | 0.21 |
All-cause death | ||||
Polypharmacy versus Controls | 0.84 (0.54 to 1.28) | 0.41 | 0.60 (0.39 to 0.94) | 0.025 |
Hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 1.00 (0.65 to 1.52) | 0.99 | 0.61 (0.39 to 0.96) | 0.031 |
Super hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 0.95 (0.61 to 1.49) | 0.83 | 0.51 (0.31 to 0.83) | 0.007 |
HF hospitalisationc | ||||
Polypharmacy versus Controls | 2.66 (1.30 to 5.44) | 0.007 | 2.12 (1.02 to 4.40) | 0.043 |
Hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 4.25 (2.09 to 8.60) | <0.001 | 2.83 (1.37 to 5.86) | 0.005 |
Super hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 5.65 (2.77 to 11.55) | <0.001 | 3.00 (1.43 to 6.31) | 0.004 |
All-cause hospitalisationc | ||||
Polypharmacy versus Controls | 1.75 (1.27 to 2.42) | 0.001 | 1.51 (1.09 to 2.10) | 0.014 |
Hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 2.26 (1.64 to 3.11) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.29 to 2.53) | 0.001 |
Super hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 3.17 (2.28 to 4.42) | <0.001 | 2.29 (1.61 to 3.27) | <0.001 |
Myocardial infarctionc | ||||
Polypharmacy versus Controls | 1.81 (0.55 to 5.97) | 0.33 | 1.31 (0.39 to 4.40) | 0.67 |
Hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 1.88 (0.57 to 6.19) | 0.30 | 1.11 (0.33 to 3.80) | 0.86 |
Super hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 3.37 (0.99 to 11.13) | 0.05 | 1.74 (0.46 to 6.51) | 0.41 |
Strokec | ||||
Polypharmacy versus Controls | 1.82 (0.55 to 6.01) | 0.33 | 1.65 (0.49 to 5.50) | 0.42 |
Hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 1.40 (0.42 to 4.70) | 0.58 | 1.25 (0.35 to 4.39) | 0.73 |
Super hyperpolypharmacy versus Controls | 2.10 (0.62 to 7.16) | 0.23 | 1.92 (0.52 to 7.07) | 0.33 |
↵a Adjusted for age, sex, race, diastolic blood pressure, smoking status, New York Heart Association functional class, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, history of HF hospitalisation, arterial disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
↵b Primary outcome was composite of cardiovascular disease death, aborted cardiac arrest, or HF hospitalisation.
↵c Using competing risks regression. HF = heart failure. HR = hazard ratio.