Participant demographics, N = 40 909
| Characteristic | Never tested, n, %a (n = 5219) | Tested, n, %a (n = 35 690) | P-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 81 (69–88) | 76 (66–85) | <0.001 |
| Sex, female | 2740 (52.5) | 18 020 (50.5) | 0.007 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes | 421 (8.1) | 5404 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| HIV status | 2 (<0.1) | 22 (0.1) | 0.8 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 829 (15.9) | 7093 (19.9) | <0.001 |
| Ischaemic stroke | 1030 (19.7) | 5337 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol excess | 98 (1.9) | 834 (2.3) | 0.043 |
| Autoimmunity | 505 (9.7) | 6054 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroid user | 467 (8.9) | 5134 (14.4) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 227 (4.3) | 1844 (5.2) | 0.013 |
| Stem cell transplant | 3 (0.1) | 17 (<0.1) | 0.7 |
| Solid organ transplant | 9 (0.2) | 130 (0.4) | 0.036 |
| Cancer (solid organ) | 224 (4.3) | 1692 (4.7) | 0.2 |
| Haematological cancer | 36 (0.7) | 393 (1.1) | 0.008 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||
| Never smoker | 1594 (30.5) | 8021 (22.5) | — |
| Ex-smoker | 920 (17.6) | 16 165 (45.3) | — |
| Current smoker | 467 (8.9) | 3368 (9.4) | — |
| Unknown | 2238 (42.9) | 8136 (22.8) | — |
| Mortality | |||
| 28 day | 1318 (25.3) | 2601 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| 1 year | 2721 (52.1) | 8377 (23.5) | <0.001 |