Table 3.

The influence of the number of FTE GPs and of GP practices on emergency hospital admissions in deprived and relatively prosperous areas^a

	Deprived LSOAs			Most deprived LSOAs			Less deprived LSOAs			Least deprived LSOAs

	IMD Ranks 8, 9, and 10			IMD Ranks 9 and 10			IMD Ranks 1, 2, and 3			IMD Ranks 1 and 2

	2SLS			2SLS			2SLS			2SLS

	Coef.	95% CI	P-value	Coef.	95% CI	P-value	Coef.	95% CI	P-value	Coef.	95% CI	P-value
Female popn (%)	0.764	0.438 to 0.939	<0.001	0.805	0.480 to 1.131	<0.001	0.617	0.348 to 0.792	<0.001	0.613	0.333 to 0.894	<0.001
% change	2.03			2.16			1.65			1.65

Female popn +60 (%)	2.107	1.762 to 2.561	<0.001	2.188	1.679 to 2.698	<0.001	1.576	1.234 to 1.815	<0.001	1.479	1.143 to 1.814	<0.001
% change	9.98			10.33			7.46			6.97

Male popn +65 (%)	2.705	1.762 to 2.861	<0.001	2.889	2.249 to 3.528	<0.001	1.547	1.077 to 1.798	<0.001	1.406	0.939 to 1.874	<0.001
% change	7.97			8.12			4.54			4.06

Black ethnicity (%)	1.962	1.049 to 2.407	<0.001	1.522	0.691 to 2.353	<0.001	0.056	−2.135 to 0.941	0.446	−0.286	2.422 to 1.850	0.793
% change	8.57			4.95			na			na

Asian ethnicity (%)	1.039	1.595 to 2.180	0.08	1.906	1.087 to 2.725	<0.001	−1.885	−2.742 to −0.974	<0.001	−1.765	−2.913 to −0.617	<0.001
% change	na			12.58			−11.84			−11.22

PCT revenue per head	−0.093	−1.368 to 0.959	0.73	0.349	−0.995 to 1.693	0.611	−0.761	−1.874 to 0.915	0.014	−1.096	−2.253 to 0.061	<0.01
% change	na			na			na			−0.436

GPs’ density PCT per 1K popn	−12.812	−18.526 to −0.054	<0.01	−12.678	−23.529 to −1.827	<0.05	3.663	−4.003 to 9.832	0.409	−2.564	−10.880 to 5.753	0.546
% change	−10.76			−10.24			na			na

General practices’ density PCT per 1K popn	68.401	−2.924 to 111.850	0.063	62.903	−3.949 to 129.755	<0.01	−8.965	−34.961 to 40.889	0.878	−13.25	−59.872 to 33.372	0.578
% change	25.99			24.34			na			na

Observations, N	89 762			50 160			89 762			50 160

↵a Robust and cluster standard errors at PCT. Year, LSOA, urban/rural, deprivation, and prevalence disease fixed effects are included. 2SLS = two-stage least square. CI = confidence interval. coef. = coefficient. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. FTE = full-time equivalent. LSOA = Lower Super Output Area. na = not applicable. PCT = primary care trust.
popn = population.