Brumfitt et al (1981)14 | UK | Two-arm, parallel | 110 (intervention: 35.9; comparator: 31.3) | 99 (intervention, n = 56; comparator, n = 43) | Intervention: mean 6.5 per 12 months; comparator: mean 6.6 per 12 months | Intervention: methenamine hippurate, 1 g, twice daily, 12 months | Comparator: nitrofurantoin, 50 mg, twice daily | 12 months |
Brumfitt et al (1983)15 | UK | Three-arm, parallel | 67 (intervention: 38.2; comparator 1: 39.9; comparator 2: 31.7) | 64 (intervention, n = 25; comparator 1, n = 20; comparator 2, n = 19) | Intervention: mean 4.9 per 12 months; comparator 1: mean 6.4 per 12 months; comparator 2: mean 5.2 per 12 months | Intervention: methenamine hippurate, 1 g, twice daily, 12 months | Comparator 1: trimethoprim, 100 mg, once nightly; comparator 2: povidone iodine, 10% solution diluted 15 mL to 240 mL water/antiseptic perineal wash, minimum twice daily | 12 months |
Furness et al (1975)5 | Australia | Three-arm, parallel | 206 (all of childbearing age) | 206 (intervention 1, n = 70; intervention 2, n = 69; comparator, n = 67) | NR | Intervention 1: methenamine hippurate, 1 g, twice daily, NR; intervention 2: methenamine mandelate, 1 g, four times daily, NR | Control: no treatment | 24 monthsa |
Gundersen et al (1986)16 | Norway | Two-arm, parallel | 30 (intervention: 74.5; comparator: 74.0) | 30 (intervention, n = 15; comparator, n = 15) | At least two in the previous 6 months | Intervention: methenamine hippurate, 1 tablet (dose NR), twice daily, 6 months | Placebo: one tablet, twice daily | 6 months |
Høivik et al (1984)17 | Norway | Three-arm, cluster | 52 (intervention 1: 19.1; intervention 2: 28.9; comparator: 29.3) | 52 (intervention 1, n = 28; intervention 2, n = 12; comparator, n = 12) | Intervention 1: mean 3.6 per 12 months; intervention 2: mean 4.1 per 12 months; comparator: mean 3.8 per 12 months | Intervention 1: methenamine hippurate, 1 tablet (dose NR), twice daily, 12 months; intervention 2: methenamine hippurate, 1 tablet (dose NR), once nightly, with one placebo tablet per 12 months | Placebo: two tablets, twice daily | 12 months |
Botrosb (2020)18 | US | Two-arm, parallel | 92 (intervention: 70; comparator: 73) | 86 (intervention, n = 43; comparator, n = 43) | NR | Intervention: methenamine hippurate (dose NR) | Comparator: trimethoprim (dose NR) | 12 months |