Variable | Unadjusteda | Adjustedb | Adjusted and weightedc | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P -value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Age, years | ||||||
0–4 | 0.79 (0.48 to 1.31) | 0.365 | 0.56 (0.31 to 1.00) | 0.049 | 0.75 (0.42 to 1.33) | 0.308 |
5–14 | 0.34 (0.24 to 0.50) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.41 to 0.88) | 0.010 | 0.58 (0.31 to 1.10) | 0.095 |
15–59 | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
60–74 | 3.46 (2.93 to 4.09) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.49 to 2.19) | <0.001 | 1.98 (1.50 to 2.61) | <0.001 |
>75 | 7.10 (5.92 to 8.51) | <0.001 | 2.86 (2.30 to 3.56) | <0.001 | 3.08 (2.15 to 4.41) | <0.001 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
Female | 1.39 (1.21 to 1.59) | <0.001 | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.26) | 0.397 | 0.98 (0.68 to 1.43) | 0.931 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
European | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
Māori | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.92) | 0.006 | 1.03 (0.81 to 1.32) | 0.790 | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.27) | 0.924 |
Pasifika | 0.46 (0.29 to 0.75) | 0.002 | 0.57 (0.33 to 0.96) | 0.036 | 0.43 (0.19 to 0.98) | 0.045 |
Other | 0.44 (0.29 to 0.69) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.52 to 1.42) | 0.554 | 0.68 (0.41 to 1.15) | 0.145 |
Deprivationd | ||||||
1 | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
2 | 1.08 (0.88 to 1.33) | 0.459 | 1.00 (0.80 to 1.27) | 0.969 | 1.04 (0.79 to 1.37) | 0.783 |
3 | 1.00 (0.81 to 1.23) | 0.977 | 0.92 (0.72 to 1.18) | 0.528 | 0.86 (0.58 to 1.29) | 0.457 |
4 | 1.09 (0.87 to 1.36) | 0.437 | 1.05 (0.82 to 1.36) | 0.685 | 1.15 (0.80 to 1.65) | 0.443 |
5 | 1.13 (0.90 to 1.41) | 0.292 | 1.14 (0.87 to 1.49) | 0.360 | 1.05 (0.58 to 1.90) | 0.871 |
Number of consultations | ||||||
0–3 | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
4–12 | 13.14 (6.43 to 26.88) | <0.001 | 6.18 (2.77 to 13.77) | <0.001 | 5.38 (1.55 to 18.67) | 0.009 |
>13 | 101.54 (50.50 to 204.16) | <0.001 | 15.21 (6.74 to 34.34) | <0.001 | 11.83 (4.27 to 32.80) | <0.001 |
Number of medications | ||||||
0–4 | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
5–9 | 8.80 (6.66 to 11.63) | <0.001 | 3.41 (2.45 to 4.74) | <0.001 | 3.05 (2.10 to 4.44) | <0.001 |
>10 | 33.63 (25.84 to 43.78) | <0.001 | 7.25 (5.19 to 10.11) | <0.001 | 5.71 (3.83 to 8.50) | <0.001 |
Practice size | ||||||
Large | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
Medium | 0.97 (0.83 to 1.13) | 0.662 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.10) | 0.336 | 0.72 (0.46 to 1.11) | 0.134 |
Small | 0.75 (0.64 to 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.61 to 0.93) | 0.008 | 0.65 (0.44 to 0.95) | 0.027 |
Practice location | ||||||
Urban | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
Rural | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.29) | 0.071 | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.08) | 0.203 | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.09) | 0.145 |
↵a Unadjusted: unweighted univariate logistic regression.
↵b Adjusted: unweighted multiple logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders — all other variables were considered potential confounders.
↵c Adjusted and weighted: multiple logistic regression weighted for the relative probability of each person being selected as a study participant.
↵d Deprivation is based on New Zealand Index of Deprivation (socioeconomic deprivation), where 1 = least deprived, and 5 = most deprived.14 OR = odds ratio.