COM-B component | Factors, including theme where issue is described |
---|---|
Physical capability (the physical strength, skills, and stamina to perform the behaviour) | n/a |
Psychological capability (the knowledge and psychological skills, strength, and stamina to perform the behaviour) | Knowledge of general health recommendations, risks, and guidelines for alcohol use (Theme 3) |
Awareness of prevalence of hazardous alcohol use among older population (Theme 1) | |
Knowledge of specific risks of drinking in old age (Theme 3) | |
Knowledge of potential positive contributions of alcohol use to older people’s wellbeing (Theme 1) | |
Interpersonal skills to raise potentially sensitive topic of alcohol with older people, and ask about intake (Themes 1 & 3) | |
Intervention skills to give older people advice about their alcohol use, and motivate healthier decisions (Theme 3) | |
Physical opportunity (what the environment allows or facilitates in terms of time, triggers, resources, locations, and physical barriers, for example) | (Dedicated) time to raise the topic of alcohol use (Themes 2 & 3) |
Available alcohol use risk screening resources (Theme 2) | |
Reminders, cues, and awareness campaigns to raise alcohol use with older people (Theme 2) | |
Clear signposting options for additional support with alcohol (Theme 2) | |
Social opportunity (a social environment conducive for the behaviour to occur, that is, socially acceptable; encompassing interpersonal influences, social cues, and cultural norms) | Perceived sensitivities associated with discussing alcohol use, where ‘problematic’ use is stigmatised, but use is a cultural norm and viewed to be the older person’s prerogative (Theme 1) |
Rapport with patients increases acceptance of alcohol-related discussion (Theme 1) | |
Alcohol-related discussion as a clear component of standard care increases acceptability of alcohol-related discussion (Theme 2) | |
Links between alcohol use and care concerns (Theme 2) | |
Reflective motivation (self-conscious planning and evaluations to perform the behaviour; evaluations about the behaviour, that is, beliefs about what is good or bad) | Perception of specific professional roles for addressing older people’s alcohol use — where alcohol use was prioritised above other care tasks (Theme 3) |
Belief in capability to discuss alcohol use with older people, and provide intervention where appropriate (Theme 3) | |
Expectations about older people’s receptivity to discussion and intervention (Theme 1) | |
Automatic motivation (processes such as wants and needs, desires, impulses, and reflex responses) | Empathy for the older person’s motivations to use alcohol, for example, loneliness and coping with stresses (Theme 1) |
n/a = not applicable. Theme 1 = Perceptions about how receptive older people are to alcohol-related intervention. Theme 2 = Processes and practicalities of addressing alcohol use. Theme 3 = Professional remit and addressing older people’s alcohol use.