Table 4.

Perceptions of non-speculum clinician sampling versus self-sampling and previous barriers to screening

Non-speculum (N= 18)a n (%)Self-sample (N= 42)a n (%)P-value (χ2)b
Overall experience of test0.735
  Excellent/good15 (83.3)37 (88.1)
  Fair/poor3 (16.7)5 (11.9)
Discomfort0.775
  None11 (61.1)24 (57.1)
  Mild/quite a lot/severe7 (38.9)18 (42.9)
Unpleasantness0.07
  Not at all11 (61.1)34 (82.9)
  Mildly/fairly/very7 (38.9)7 (17.1)
Embarrassment0.021
  Not at all13 (72.2)40 (95.2)
  Mildly/fairly/very5 (27.8)2 (4.8)
Anxiety0.952
  Not at all12 (66.7)27 (65.9)
  Slightly/fairly/very6 (33.3)14 (34.2)
Confidence test done properly1.0
  Not at all/not very1 (5.9)2 (4.9)
  Fairly/very16 (94.1)39 (95.1)
Confidence in test accuracy0.009
  Not at all/not very4 (23.5)27 (64.3)
  Fairly/very13 (76.5)15 (35.7)
Future preference<0.001
  Non-speculum12 (70.6)1 (2.4)
  Self-sample4 (23.5)38 (90.5)
  Speculum1 (5.9)0 (0)
No preference0 (0)3 (7.1)
Previous barriers to screeningc
  Forgotten4 (22.2)7 (16.7)0.719
  More important things to worry about05 (11.9)0.309
  Too busy2 (11.1)9 (21.4)0.478
  Not sexually active4 (22.2)11 (26.2)1.0
  Pain10 (56.6)23 (54.8)0.955
  Same partner long time03 (7.1)0.547
  Too embarrassed08 (19.1)0.091
  Frightened2 (11.1)1 (2.4)0.212
  Bad experience3 (16.7)13 (31.0)0.346
  Decided not worth going for screening1 (5.6)5 (11.9)0.658
Important to have a clinician take the sample
  Not important/somewhat important2 (11.1)31 (73.8)<0.001
  Fairly important/very important16 (88.9)11 (26.2)
  • a Please note there are missing data for some questions.

  • b Fisher’s exact test was used for all data except experience, discomfort, unpleasantness, and anxiety.

  • c Participants could endorse more than one barrier.