Secondary outcomes: component measures of PIP of individual bronchodilators
| Component measure | Stage | Control group, mean (SD) | Intervention group, mean (SD) | Differencea (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients, n | — | 115 | 118 | — |
| Patients per practice aged 5–11 years with excess SABA | Baselinec | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.5) | −0.05 (−0.19 to 0.09) |
| >12 SABA inhalers per annum and no ICS-containing inhalersb (or average daily exposure <200 mcg of beclometasone or equivalent) | Post-interventionc | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.5) | — |
| Patients per practice aged 12–34 years with excess SABA | Baselinec | 4.3 (3.5) | 4.2 (3.0) | −0.56 (−1.07 to −0.04) |
| >12 SABA inhalers per annum and no ICS-containing inhalersb (or average daily exposure <400 mcg of beclometasone or equivalent) | Post-interventionc | 3.9 (3.1) | 3.2 (2.6) | — |
| Patients per practice aged≥35 years with excess SABA | Baselinec | 9.6 (7.1) | 9.7 (6.6) | −1.6 (−2.5 to −0.6) |
| >12 SABA inhalers per annum and no LAMA and no ICS-containing inhalersb (or average daily exposure <400 mcg of beclometasone or equivalent) | Post-interventionc | 9.5 (7.2) | 8.1 (6.1) | — |
| Patients per practice aged <35 years with single-agent LABA | Baseline c | 1.7 (2.4) | 2.0 (2.6) | −0.31 (−0.61 to −0.01) |
| ≥1 LABA inhaler and no single-agent ICS inhalers (or single-agent ICS inhalers where average daily exposure <400 mcg of beclometasone or equivalent) | Post-interventionc | 1.3 (1.9) | 1.1 (1.4) | — |
| Patients per practice aged 35 years with single-agent LABA | Baselinec | 5.1 (5.8) | 6.1 (5.8) | −1.1 (−1.9 to −0.2) |
| ≥1 LABA inhaler and no LAMA and no single-agent ICS inhalers (or single-agent ICS inhalers where average daily exposure <400 mcg of beclometasone or equivalent) | Post-interventionc | 5.7 (6.2) | 5.6 (5.3) | — |
↵a Mean change in count of patients adjusted using full pre-specified model, including baseline mean number of patients with PIP, proportion of patients living in deprivation, and GP practice locality.
↵b Single agent or in combination.
↵c Mean count of patients with PIP. CI = confidence interval. ICS = inhaled corticosteroids. LABA = long-acting β-agonist. LAMA = long-acting muscarinic antagonist. PIP = potentially inappropriate prescribing. SABA = short-acting β-agonist. SD = standard deviation.