Box 1.

GPED model by case site^a

Site	GPED model	GP role
Birch	Inside ED: parallel	GP in ED (including investigations)

Chestnut	Inside ED: parallel	GP in ED (usual primary care)
Chestnut	Outside ED: off-site	GP in ED (usual primary care)

Hawthorn	Inside ED: parallel (OOHs only)	GP in ED (usual primary care)

Juniper	Outside ED: on-site (OOHs only)	GPs either work in usual primary care role or adapt a dual role where they become involved in managing patients with ED health issues
Juniper	Inside ED: integrated

Linden	Outside ED: hospital site + off-site	GP in ED (UCC) (usual primary care)

Nutmeg	Inside ED: parallel	GP in ED (UCC) (usual primary care)

Poplar	Outside ED: on-site	GP in ED (including investigations)

Redwood	Inside ED: parallel	GP in ED (including investigations)

Rowan	Inside ED: parallel	GP in ED (usual primary care)

Teak	Inside ED: parallel	GP in ED (including investigations,
Teak	Outside ED: off-site	increased acuity)

↵a Inside models — GPs co-located within ED. Can be: integrated — GPs work within the ED team managing a range of patients, or parallel — patients assessed as suitable for GP care ‘streamed’ to GP within the department. Outside models — patients assessed in ED then sent to GP outside ED, either within hospital grounds (on-site) or off hospital grounds (off-site). ED = emergency department. GPED = GPs working in or alongside EDs. OOH = GP out-of-hours service. UCC = urgent care centre.