Table 3.

Multilevel regression analysis to identify predictors of UPC scores (n = 347 728 patients contributing to this model)^a

Variable	Demographic and practice factors

	β coefficient	95% CI	P-value
Age, years
3–17	Reference	—	—
18–39	0.030	0.028 to 0.032	<0.001
40–64	0.055	0.053 to 0.057	<0.001
≥65	0.082	0.080 to 0.084	<0.001

Sex
Male	Reference	—	—
Female	0.026	0.025 to 0.027	<0.001

Ethnicity^b
White	Reference	—	—
Black	−0.010	−0.012 to −0.008	<0.001
South Asian	−0.016	−0.018 to −0.014	<0.001
Other	−0.004	−0.007 to −0.001	0.01

Internal IMD 2015 quintile
1 (least deprived)	Reference	—	—
2	−0.005	−0.007 to −0.002	<0.001
3	−0.006	−0.008 to −0.004	<0.001
4	−0.006	−0.008 to −0.004	<0.001
5 (most deprived)	−0.009	−0.011 to −0.007	<0.001

Practice list size
<5000	Reference	—	—
≥5000 to <10 000	−0.101	−0.141 to −0.062	<0.001
≥10 000	−0.181	−0.219 to −0.142	<0.001

Locality
City & Hackney	Reference	—	—
Newham	0.031	−0.005 to 0.068	0.09
Tower Hamlets	0.008	−0.032 to 0.048	0.68

↵a Multilevel model comprises patients nested within practices. Intraclass correlation (ICC) showing the proportion of variation in UPC scores at practice level = 0.259.
↵b Ethnicity not stated/missing is not reported. CI = confidence interval. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. UPC = Usual Provider of Care.