PPI indications
| Variable | PPI users (n= 23 601), n (%) |
|---|---|
| Treatment of upper gastrointestinal disorders | 4749 (20) |
| Temporary indication | |
| Dyspepsia | 3260 (14) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 40 (0.2) |
| Alarm features (for example, haematemesis) | 106 (0.4) |
| Eradication of Heliobacter pylori | 73 (0.3) |
| Chronic indication | |
| Oesophageal disease (for example, Barrett’s oesophagus) | 458 (2) |
| Reflux oesophagitis | 347 (1) |
| Multiple PPI indications as treatment of upper gastrointestinal disorders | 465 (2) |
| Ulcer prophylaxis | 5382 (23) |
| Non-selective NSAID | 4191 (18) |
| Low-dose aspirin | 935 (4) |
| COX-2 inhibitor | 82 (0.3) |
| Peptic ulcer disease in medical historya | 71 (0.3) |
| and usage of coumarins | 10 (0.04) |
| and usage of DOAC | 6 (0.03) |
| and usage of LMWH | 2 (0.008) |
| and usage of ADP receptor inhibitor | 13 (0.06) |
| and usage of thrombolytics | 0 (0) |
| and usage of systemic corticosteroid | 15 (0.06) |
| and usage of SSRI | 8 (0.03) |
| and usage of venlafaxine | 0 (0) |
| and usage of duloxetine | 0 (0) |
| and usage of trazodone | 0 (0) |
| and usage of spironolactone | 3 (0.01) |
| overlay in comedication use | 14 (0.06) |
| Multiple PPI indications as ulcer prophylaxis | 103 (0.4) |
| Both treatment of upper gastrointestinal disorders and ulcer prophylaxis | 335 (1) |
| No accepted indication | 13 135 (56) |
↵a If not already in combination with NSAID or low-dose aspirin usage. ADP = adenosine diphosphate. DOAC = direct- acting oral anticoagulant. LMWH = low-molecular-weight heparin. NSAID = non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug. PPI = proton pump inhibitor. SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.