Table 1.

Intervention level and treatment burden domains of studies included in the review

Study	Country	Participants, n	Intervention level^a	Treatment burden domains covered by outcomes
Coventry et al (2015)²²	UK	387	Local organisation	HRQoL, functional status, self-efficacy, social functioning
Fortin et al (2021)²³	Canada	294	Local organisation	HRQoL, functional status,^b self-efficacy
Gellis et al (2014)²⁴	US	102	Local organisation	Functional status,^b social functioning^b
Jäger et al (2017)²⁵	Germany	273	Clinician	Social functioning, medication related^c
Katon et al (2010)²⁶	US	214	Local organisation	HRQoL
Köberlein-Neu et al (2016)²⁷	Germany	162	Clinician	Functional status, social functioning, medication related^{^b,^c}
Lin et al (2018)²⁸	Taiwan	178	Clinician	HRQoL
Markle-Reid et al (2018)²⁹	Canada	159	Local organisation	HRQoL,^b functional status,^b self-efficacy
Miklavcic et al (2020)³⁰	Canada	132	Local organisation	Functional status,^b self-efficacy
Muth et al (2018)³¹	Germany	505	Clinician	HRQoL, functional status, medication related^c
Rose et al (2018)³²	Canada	470	Local organisation	HRQoL,^b self-efficacy, treatment adherence
Salisbury et al (2018)³³ burden	UK	1546	Local organisation, higher health-services^d	HRQoL,^b functional status, medication related,^c treatment
Siaw et al (2017)³⁴	Singapore	411	Local organisation	Functional status
Stewart et al (2021)³⁵	Canada	163	Local organisation	HRQoL, functional status,^b self-efficacy
Vera et al (2010)³⁶	Puerto Rico	179	Local organisation	Social functioning
Von Korff et al (2011)³⁷	US	214	Clinician, local organisation^d	HRQoL,^b functional status
Webel et al (2018)³⁸	US	179	Local organisation	HRQoL,^b functional status,^b self-efficacy,^b social functioning^b
Zechmann et al (2020)³⁹	Switzerland	336	Clinician	HRQoL, medication related^c

↵a Three levels have been identified within system-level interventions: individual clinician (for example, structured training regarding medication management); local healthcare provider (for example, multidisciplinary case conferences as part of collaborative care for patients with long-term conditions); higher health services (for example, multilocation collaborative care intervention). Comparator was usual care in all studies.
↵b Primary outcome measured within identified domain.
↵c Drugs per person, medication adherence, drug-related problems, and medication appropriateness are considered medication-related outcomes.
↵d Study deemed to cover more than one category regarding level of intervention. HRQoL = health-related quality of life.