Descriptive characteristics at baseline for those with and without an ADR over 6 years
| Characteristic | Without ADR, n = 433, median (IQR) | With ADR, n = 159, median (IQR) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 75 (73 to 79) | 76 (73 to 80) | 0.11 |
| Deprivation, patient | 1.08 (−0.64 to 2.88) | 1.75 (−0.45 to 2.88) | 0.18 |
| Number of drug classes | 5 (3 to 7) | 6 (4 to 8) | <0.001d |
| n (%) | n (%) | P-value | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 212 (49.0) | 110 (69.2) | <0.001d |
| Male | 221 (51.0) | 49 (30.8) | |
| Private health insurance | 203 (46.9) | 73 (45.9) | 0.83 |
| Marital statusa | |||
| Married | 226 (52.2) | 66 (41.5) | 0.03c |
| Separated/divorced | 24 (5.5) | 6 (3.8) | |
| Widowed | 114 (26.3) | 61 (38.4) | |
| Never married/single | 68 (15.7) | 26 (16.4) | |
| Charlson comorbidity indexa | |||
| 0 | 237 (54.7) | 78 (49.1) | 0.27 |
| 1 | 103 (23.8) | 48 (30.2) | |
| ≥2 | 92 (21.2) | 33 (20.8) | |
| Medication adherence, MPR ≥80%b | 273 (63.0) | 101 (63.5) | 0.54 |
| VES ≥3 | 112 (25.9) | 60 (37.7) | 0.005c |
| Polypharmacy | |||
| 1–4 drug classes | 207 (47.8) | 45 (28.3) | <0.001d |
| 5–9 drug classes | 200 (46.2) | 87 (54.7) | |
| ≥10 drug classes | 26 (6.0) | 27 (17.0) | |
↵a Missing data (n= 1).
↵b Missing data (n= 35).
↵c P<0.05.
↵d P<0.001.
P-values obtained from Mann–Whitney U test (continuous variables with non-normal distribution) and χ2 tests of independence for categorical variables. ADR = adverse drug reaction. IQR = interquartile range. MPR = medication possession ratio. VES = Vulnerable Elders Scale.