Archival ReportPrevalence and Perceived Health Associated with Insomnia Based on DSM-IV-TR; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision; and Research Diagnostic Criteria/International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition Criteria: Results from the America Insomnia Survey
Section snippets
The Sample
The AIS was carried out between October 2008 and July 2009 in a stratified probability sample of 10,094 adult (ages 18 and older) members of a large (over 34 million members) national US commercial health plan. The sample was restricted to fully insured members enrolled for at least 12 months to allow medical and pharmacy claims data to be used in substantive analyses. Sample eligibility was also limited to members who provided the plan with a telephone number, could speak English, and had no
The Estimated Prevalence of Insomnia
Insomnia prevalence estimates vary from 22.1% based on DSM-IV-TR criteria to 3.9% based on ICD-10 criteria (Table 1). The RDC/ICSD-2 estimate is 14.7%, while 23.6% of respondents meet criteria based on one or more of the different systems. The highest proportions of broadly defined cases, defined as those meeting criteria in at least one system, either meet only DSM criteria (33.9% of all cases, equivalent to 8.0% of the total sample) or DSM and RDC/ICSD but not ICD criteria (43.0% of cases,
Discussion
The above results are limited by the somewhat low AIS cooperation rate (65.0%), all respondents being members of a large national commercial health plan, and diagnoses being based on the BIQ rather than clinical interviews. The BIQ required sleep difficulties to occur at least three times per week and to last at least 30 minutes to meet criteria in any of the diagnostic systems, despite these not being DSM-IV or RDC/ICSD-2 requirements, although this issue was partially addressed by the AIS
References (73)
- et al.
Recent developments in the classification, evaluation, and treatment of insomnia
Chest
(2006) - et al.
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Psychiatry Res
(1989) - et al.
A new questionnaire to detect sleep disorders
Sleep Med
(2002) - et al.
The diagnostic validity of the Athens Insomnia Scale
J Psychosom Res
(2003) - et al.
Validity of a short insomnia questionnaire: The SDQ
Brain Res Bull
(2004) Sleep-related problems in common medical conditions
Chest
(2009)Insomnia and comorbid psychiatric disorders
Sleep Med
(2007)- et al.
The 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDS-SR): A psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression
Biol Psychiatry
(2003) - et al.
Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries: Results from the IQOLA ProjectInternational Quality of Life Assessment
J Clin Epidemiol
(1998) - et al.
The influence of age, gender, ethnicity, and insomnia on Epworth sleepiness scores: a normative US population
Sleep Med
(2006)