Patient characteristics and patterns of drug use for sleep complaints in the united states: Analysis of national ambulatory medical survey data, 1997–2002
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2014, Psychiatry Research - NeuroimagingCitation Excerpt :The study design was based on previous work in healthy volunteers showing a reduction in GABA following acute administration of zolpidem (Licata et al., 2009), and predicted that in addition to reduced GABA, self-reported subjective drug assessments administered periodically throughout the experimental session would reveal effects indicative of a negative mood state. Together these measures were aimed at understanding more about the neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to the behavioral effects of this popular hypnotic (Morlock et al., 2006), particularly in depressed individuals. Fourteen volunteers (4 male and 10 female) between the ages of 21–40 (mean±standard deviation [SD] 29.6±5.1 years) completed this study.
The hypnotic zolpidem increases the synchrony of BOLD signal fluctuations in widespread brain networks during a resting paradigm
2013, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :The present study employed BOLD fMRI to investigate the modulation of RSNs by zolpidem in healthy volunteers as a means for beginning to reveal the neurobiological correlates of sedative/hypnotic action. Zolpidem (Ambien®) is a positive allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptors, and it is one of the most frequently prescribed sleep aids in the United States (Morlock et al., 2006). Zolpidem's interaction with GABAA receptors underlies its clinical effectiveness as a hypnotic (Lloyd and Zivkovic, 1988), but this mechanism of action alone does not provide sufficient explanation for zolpidem's superiority in the treatment of insomnia.
Effectiveness of Existing Insomnia Therapies for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
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