I am grateful to the U.K. Social Science Research Council for supporting the research for this paper, and to Dr Tom Barron for helpful criticism.

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⁵¹ N.A.I. (E.H.L.), August 1921, 1–7 A.Google Scholar

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⁷⁷ Hardinge laid the stone for the Delhi College, against the advice of Sir Pardey Lukis, and opened the college in 1916: see N.A.I. (E.H.L.), July 1919, 26–51 A.

⁷⁸ N.A.I. (E.H.L.), September 1926, 26–31 A: this comment was made by the Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals for C.P. Similar replies came in 1917 to a request for opinions: see N.A.I. (E.H.L.), July 1919, 26–51 A.

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⁸⁰ Prominent nationalists were split on the issue: Nehru, for example, was never convinced of the value of indigenous systems.

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