References
Fronczek P. Income, earnings, and poverty from the 2004 American Community Survey. American Community Survey Reports: US Census Bureau; 2005. Available at: http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/acs-01.pdf. Accessed September 28, 2005.
Kushel M, Gupta R, Gee L, Haas JS. Housing instability and food security as barriers to health care among low income Americans. J Gen Int Med. 2006;21:71–7.
Hwang SW, Dunn JR. Homeless people. In: Galea S, Vlahov D, eds. Handbook of Urban Health: Populations, Methods and Practice. New York: Springer; 2005:512pp.
Shinn M, Weitzman BC, Stojanovic D, et al. Predictors of homelessness among families in New York City: from shelter request to housing stability. Am J Public Health. 1998;88:1651–7.
Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations, 1985. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:427–32.
Cooper R, Rotimi C, Ataman S, et al. The prevalence of hypertension in seven populations of west African origin. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:160–8.
Geiger J. The unsteady march. Perspect Biol Med. 2005;48:1–9.
Fiscella K, Franks P, Gold MR, Clancy CM. Inequality in quality: addressing socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care. JAMA. 2000;283:2579–84.
Aldrich R, Kemp L, Williams JS, et al. Using socioeconomic evidence in clinical practice guidelines. BMJ. 2003;327:1283–5.
Brown AF, Ettner SL, Piette J, et al. Socioeconomic position and health among persons with diabetes mellitus: a conceptual framework and review of the literature. Epidemiol Rev. 2004;26:63–77.
Zedlewski SR, Nelson S. Many families turn to food pantries for help. In: Finegold E, ed. Snapshots of America’s Families III. Washington, DC: Urban Institute; 2003.
Barr VJ, Robinson S, Marin-Link B, et al. The expanded chronic care model: an integration of concepts and strategies from population health promotion and the chronic care model. Hosp Q. 2003;7:73–82.
Epping-Jordan JE, Pruitt SD, Bengoa R, Wagner EH. Improving the quality of health care for chronic conditions. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004;13:299–305.
Syme SL. Social determinants of health: the community as an empowered partner. Prev Chronic Dis. 2004;1:A02.
Mackenbach JP, Bakker MJ. Tackling socioeconomic inequalities in health: analysis of European experiences. Lancet. 2003;362:1409–14.
Veerman JL, Barendregt JJ, Mackenbach JP. Quantitative health impact assessment: current practice and future directions. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 2005;59:361–70.
Hussey R, Johnstone F. Equity audit: a tool for monitoring community regeneration. Liverpool, U.K.: Liverpool Health Authority. http://www.lho.org.uk/Health_Inequalities/Attachments/PDF_Files/copenhagenpaper.pdf accessed September 28, 2005.
Harrington M. The Other America: Poverty in the United States. New York: Touchstone: Simon and Schuster; 1962:252pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bierman, A.S., Dunn, J.R. Swimming upstream. J GEN INTERN MED 21, 99–100 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00317.x
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00317.x