Caring for poorly controlled diabetes mellitus: a randomized pharmacist intervention

Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Mar;39(3):433-40. doi: 10.1345/aph.1E438. Epub 2005 Feb 8.

Abstract

Background: There is limited information from randomized controlled studies about the influence of pharmacist interventions on diabetes control.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist intervention on improving diabetes control; secondary endpoints were medication appropriateness and self-reported adherence.

Methods: A randomized, controlled, multi-clinic trial was conducted in the University of Washington Medicine Neighborhood Clinics. Seventy-seven subjects, > or =18 years old with a hemoglobin (Hb) A(1c) > or =9% at baseline and taking at least one oral diabetes medication, were randomized to receive a pharmacist intervention (n = 43) or usual care (n = 34) for 6 months followed by a 6-month usual-care observation period for both groups. Subjects met with a clinical pharmacist to establish and initiate a diabetes care plan followed by weekly visits or telephone calls to facilitate diabetes management and adherence. HbA(1c), medication appropriateness, and self-reported adherence were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Results: The mean HbA(1c) did not differ between groups over the 12-month period (p = 0.61). A reduction in HbA(1c) was noted for both groups over time compared with baseline (p = 0.001); however, control subjects relied more heavily on provider visits. Medication appropriateness was not improved for diabetes medications (p = 0.65). Self-reported adherence was not significantly improved by the intervention.

Conclusions: This pharmacist intervention did not significantly improve diabetes control, but did allow for similar HbA(1c) control with fewer physician visits. Medication appropriateness and self-reported adherence compared with usual care in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes were not changed.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Multicenter Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / therapy*
  • Disease Management
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Glycated Hemoglobin
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Insulin / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Compliance*
  • Pharmaceutical Services / statistics & numerical data*
  • Pharmacists / statistics & numerical data*
  • Professional Role
  • Professional-Patient Relations
  • Referral and Consultation

Substances

  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin