Monitoring of general practice antibiotic prescribing is important to allow concordance with prescribing guidelines to be assessed. National Prescribing Analysis and Cost Data are limited by lack of information on the condition for which antibiotics are prescribed. Using the General Practice Research Database, we found that the 10 leading indications for antibacterial prescribing were (in descending order): upper respiratory tract infection (RTI), lower RTI, sore throat, urinary tract infection, otitis media, conjunctivitis, vague skin infections without a clear diagnosis, sinusitis, otitis externa and impetigo. Although for some conditions there appeared to be inappropriately high levels of antibacterial prescribing, the antibiotics chosen were usually those recommended for first-line treatment.