The Norwich Health District (population 400,000) has been studied during a five-year period in an attempt to assess the value of examination of the hip in the newborn. It is confirmed that complicated deliveries produce higher rates of neonatal instability. But, in sixteen out of the seventeen cases with hip dislocations diagnosed late, delivery had been normal. It is estimated that after normal deliveries, hospital doctors detect only 50%, and family doctors only 28%, of cases of instability of the hip. It is concluded: 1) that the problem of congenital dislocation of the hip will not be eliminated by neonatal examination alone, even if skill in clinical examination could be improved and maintained; 2) that repeated examinations should be considered mandatory until the child is walking. In this regard, the value of the sign of limitation of abduction requires study; 3) that the public should be made aware by an appropriate health education programme that the problem of congenital dislocation of the hip has not yet been solved.