This is the 52nd report of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the
Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). The main objective of ECVAM, as defined in 1993 …

Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence,
prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, …

Deficits in a wide array of functional outcome areas (eg, social functioning, social skills,
independent living skills, etc) are marked in schizophrenia. Consequently, much recent research …

The role of ascending noradrenergic (NA) and dopaminergic (DA) systems in intravenous
self-administration of cocaine in rats was investigated by examining the effects of 6-…

The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is
critical for virus infection through the engagement of the human ACE2 protein 1 and is a major …

Ecological data often show temporal, spatial, hierarchical (random effects), or phylogenetic
structure. Modern statistical approaches are increasingly accounting for such dependencies. …

Although plasma proteins have important roles in biological processes and are the direct
targets of many drugs, the genetic factors that control inter-individual variation in plasma …

Plasmodium falciparum expresses on the host erythrocyte surface clonally variant antigens
and ligands that mediate adherence to endothelial receptors. Both are central to …

Drug self-administration studies have recently employed progressive ratio (PR) schedules
to examine psychostimulant and opiate reinforcement. This review addresses the technical, …

Many common variants have been associated with hematological traits, but identification of
causal genes and pathways has proven challenging. We performed a genome-wide …