Mediation analysis seeks to explain the pathway(s) through which an exposure affects an
outcome. Traditional, non-instrumental variable methods for mediation analysis experience a …

The goal of much observational research is to identify risk factors that have a causal effect
on health and social outcomes. However, observational data are subject to biases from …

Background Young people whose parents have depression have a greatly increased risk of
developing a psychiatric disorder, but poor outcomes are not inevitable. Identification of the …

Importance Less favorable trajectories of depressive mood from adolescence to early adulthood
are associated with current and later psychopathology, impaired educational attainment…

Background The estimated worldwide prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
in adults is 25%; however, prevalence in young adults remains unclear. We aimed to …

Importance Early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in individuals at high
familial risk of depression and is associated with poor long-term mental health, social, and …

There is increasing evidence that childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
elevates risk of later depression, but the mechanisms behind this association are unclear. …

Background The role of alcohol use in the development of depression is unclear. We aimed
to investigate whether alcohol dependence, but not high frequency or quantity of …

Background Adult ADHD has been assumed to be a continuation of childhood‐onset ADHD
. However, recent studies have identified individuals with ADHD in adulthood who have not …

Whilst associations between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia and various
phenotypic outcomes have been reported, an understanding of developmental pathways can …