… JOHN O’KEEFE 1 … In unpublished experiments (Dostrovsky and O’Keefe) we have
mapped these ripples and found that their amplitude is maximum in the stratum radiatim of CAl. …

Responses of cells in the dorsal hippocampus of rats to restraining tactile stimuli as a function
of spatial orientation suggest that the hippocampus provides the rest of the brain with a …

Electrophysiological studies have shown that single cells in the hippocampus respond during
spatial learning and exploration 1–4 , some firing only when animals enter specific and …

The neural basis of navigation by humans was investigated with functional neuroimaging of
brain activity during navigation in a familiar, yet complex virtual reality town. Activation of the …

Finding one's way around an environment and remembering the events that occur within it
are crucial cognitive abilities that have been linked to the hippocampus and medial temporal …

We expand upon our proposal that the oscillatory interference mechanism proposed for the
phase precession effect in place cells underlies the grid‐like firing pattern of dorsomedial …

THE human hippocampus has been implicated in memory 1 , in particular episodic 2,3 or
declarative 4 memory. In rats, hippocampal lesions cause selective spatial deficits 2,5–7 , and …

Many complex spike cells in the hippocampus of the freely moving rat have as their primary
correlate the animal's location in an environment (place cells). In contrast, the hippocampal …

… In previous experiments (O'Keefe, 1976) we noted that although the place field of a place
unit remained stable over repeated trials under invariant conditions, gross environmental …

Scientific theories have been likened to maps.* Like maps they provide a means for finding
one's way in an unknown domain. And also like maps, they are a social product, the …