In humid, temperate climates, green algae can make a significant contribution to the deterioration
of building stone, both through unsightly staining (‘greening’) and, possibly, physical …

Fire is a major threat to stone-built cultural heritage and this paper is a review of the existing
research into fire damage on building stone. From early research based on anecdotal …

Environmental controls on stone decay processes are rapidly changing as a result of changing
climate. UKCP09 projections for the 2020s (2010–2039) indicate that over much of the …

The problem of the long-term impact of historical fire on masonry is not clearly understood.
Much research focuses on the damage that is caused by fire in isolation, and omits to …

This paper discusses how the study of stone-built heritage decay is relevant in the context of
the Anthropocene by raising the complex two-way interplay between stone and society. …

The rate and type of biological colonization of stone is influenced by a wide array of environmental
factors in addition to substrate characteristics. A series of experiments was designed …

Temperature and moisture conditions are key drivers of stone weathering processes in both
natural and built environments. Given their importance in the breakdown of stone, a detailed …

Fire has long been recognized as an agent of rock weathering. Our understanding of the
impact of fire on stone comes either from early anecdotal evidence, or from more recent …

Historic sandstone structures carry an inheritance, or a ‘memory’, of past stresses that the
stone has undergone since its placement in a façade. This inheritance, which conditions …

Moisture is a well-documented, and crucial, control on the nature of stone decay. The term ‘time
of wetness’ has frequently been adopted to describe how long a stone block is wet, with …